The MySQL AND, OR and NOT Operators
The WHERE clause can be combined with AND, OR, and NOT operators.
The AND and OR operators are used to filter records based on more than one condition:
- The
ANDoperator displays a record if all the conditions separated byANDare TRUE. - The
ORoperator displays a record if any of the conditions separated byORis TRUE.
The NOT operator displays a record if the condition(s) is NOT TRUE.
AND Syntax
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE condition1 AND condition2 AND condition3 ...; OR Syntax
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE condition1 OR condition2 OR condition3 ...; NOT Syntax
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE NOT condition; Demo Database
The table below shows the complete “Customers” table from the Northwind sample database:
| CustomerID | CustomerName | ContactName | Address | City | PostalCode | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alfreds Futterkiste | Maria Anders | Obere Str. 57 | Berlin | 12209 | Germany |
| 2 | Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados | Ana Trujillo | Avda. de la Constitución 2222 | México D.F. | 05021 | Mexico |
| 3 | Antonio Moreno Taquería | Antonio Moreno | Mataderos 2312 | México D.F. | 05023 | Mexico |
| 4 | Around the Horn | Thomas Hardy | 120 Hanover Sq. | London | WA1 1DP | UK |
| 5 | Berglunds snabbköp | Christina Berglund | Berguvsvägen 8 | Luleå | S-958 22 | Sweden |
| 6 | Blauer See Delikatessen | Hanna Moos | Forsterstr. 57 | Mannheim | 68306 | Germany |
| 7 | Blondel père et fils | Frédérique Citeaux | 24, place Kléber | Strasbourg | 67000 | France |
| 8 | Bólido Comidas preparadas | Martín Sommer | C/ Araquil, 67 | Madrid | 28023 | Spain |
| 9 | Bon app’ | Laurence Lebihans | 12, rue des Bouchers | Marseille | 13008 | France |
| 10 | Bottom-Dollar Marketse | Elizabeth Lincoln | 23 Tsawassen Blvd. | Tsawassen | T2F 8M4 | Canada |
AND Example
The following SQL statement selects all fields from “Customers” where country is “Germany” AND city is “Berlin”:
Example
SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE Country = 'Germany' AND City = 'Berlin';OR Example
The following SQL statement selects all fields from “Customers” where city is “Berlin” OR “Stuttgart”:
Example
SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE City = 'Berlin' OR City = 'Stuttgart';The following SQL statement selects all fields from “Customers” where country is “Germany” OR “Spain”:
Example
SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE Country = 'Germany' OR Country = 'Spain';NOT Example
The following SQL statement selects all fields from “Customers” where country is NOT “Germany”:
Example
SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE NOT Country = 'Germany';Combining AND, OR and NOT
You can also combine the AND, OR and NOT operators.
The following SQL statement selects all fields from “Customers” where country is “Germany” AND city must be “Berlin” OR “Stuttgart” (use parenthesis to form complex expressions):
Example
SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE Country = 'Germany' AND (City = 'Berlin' OR City = 'Stuttgart'); The following SQL statement selects all fields from “Customers” where country is NOT “Germany” and NOT “USA”:
Example
SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE NOT Country = 'Germany' AND NOT Country = 'USA';